Disorders That Come With Not Exercising - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 957 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2019/08/02 Category Health Essay Level High school Tags: Benefits of Exercise Essay Did you like this example? Disorders That Come With Not Exercising Exercise on a regular basis can help regulate weight, keep cholesterol levels low, and prevent Hypertension and Diabetes. With hard work and dedication it is proven that symptoms can be reduced due to exercise.   Physical activity can help prevent obesity and keep humans at a healthy weight. Eating too many calories but not burning them off can lead to being overweight as shown in many studies. Obesity results from energy imbalance: too many calories in, too few calories burned. The harder you exercise and the more intense pace you do it at also helps burn calories resulting in less body fat percentage. If you are trying to cut down on overall body fat it would be smart to go to the doctor regularly to be measured using a caliper. This is a device that pinches the skin and measures the amount of it that is fat. Many doctors use these on their patients who are concerned about weight loss. There are many physical activities that can be done as a prevention mechanism for obesity. Some of these include jogging, cycling, intense running, and or running stairs. A common misconception is that exercise comes through running, but exercise can be done through many different things. A study shown on wom en states The Nurses Health Study II, for example, followed more then 18,000 women for 16 years to study the relationship between changes in physical activity and weight. Although women gained on average, about 20 pounds over the course of the study, those who increased their physical activity by 30 minutes per day gained less weight than the woman whose activity levels stayed steady. Obesity can be so easily prevented.   Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Disorders That Come With Not Exercising" essay for you Create order Physical activity can also lower Cholesterol levels. You may be wondering what exactly Cholesterol is. Cholesterol is one of the fatty substances we have circulating in our blood. If we have too much, it can stick to the inside walls of our arteries, narrowing them and increasing risk of cardiovascular disease. There are a number of exercises that can be done in order to lower your Cholesterol. These consist of running, taking a brisk walk, biking, swimming laps, lifting weights, and yoga. Its very important to keep your Cholesterol low so that he fatty particles in your blood dont become over existent. This would then cause serious health issues. Physical activity can reduce another health risk known as Metabolic Syndrome. Metabolic Syndrome is an overall term used for someone who has many risk factors with their hearts. Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of conditions   increased blood pressure, high blood sugar, excess body fat around the waist, and abnormal cholesterol or triglyceride levels   that occur together, increasing your risk of heart disease, stroke and diabetes. A mistake that people make which can put them at risk for Metabolic Syndrome is having a sedentary lifestyle. Sedentary lifestyles include watching tv or sleeping which is unhealthy because it can easily be replaced with physical activity. Exercises that can be done are a long distance run uphill, or many individual sprints. Anything can reduce your risks slightly. Some of the signs to look for if you think you have METS syndrome is abdominal obesity, insulin abnormalities, increased blood pressure (Hypertension), and or increase of glucose levels. With hard work and dedication to get better through exercise, these symptoms can subside over the years.   Exercise or physical activity also lowers risk for diabetes mellitus. Any type of physical activity (even low-intensity physical activity performed at least once a week) is related to reduced risk of developing diabetes mellitus among individuals aged [greater or equal to] 70 years. says Panayotes Demakakos. Any type of activity will help and many people dont realize it. Diabetes is more common in adults in their later 50s because they cannot get the moderate intensity workout they need. Of course, higher intensity workouts come with greater results but adults joints cant undergo the same amount of pressure on their legs as children or adolescents Many adults do exercise in places like a gym where the intensity isnt as much. Running on a tredmill rather than running outside on the road. There are not rocks or bumps on the tredmil like there would be on the road. This would create wear and tear on legs.   Physical activity is also linked to reducing hypertension also known as high blood pressure. When someone is heavy compared to their height they are considered to be overweight and when someone is 20% or more over the recoommended body weight they are considered to be obese. Studys show that Men are at risk if their waist measurement is greater than 40 inches. Studies also show that Women are at risk if their waist measurement is greater than 35 inches. This is that they are at risk for high blood pressure if their waistes are measured bigger than this. Working hard to get a solid workout down. Regular physical activitysuch as 150 minutes a week, or about 30 minutes most days of the weekcan lower your blood pressure by about 5 to 8 mm Hg if you have high blood pressure. Its good to stay active and work hard to lower blood pressure if you have it or even if you dont because it can result in death.    Physical activity prevents so many syndromes and heart issues. Just 60 minutes a day or 150 minutes a week can help with so many bodily functions. Obesity rates would go down, hih cholesterol would not be an issue, Metabolic syndrome would be less likely, people who have diabetes could have prevented it. They also can help to keep it from getting worse or sometimes it even goes away all together. Finally, just a little bit of exercise could reduce your risk of severe hypertension in the future.

Limitations From Suffering Chronic Asthma Free Essays

string(56) " school and need for special school or special classes\." One of the major public health problems facing Australia today is Asthma. It is disturbing that there has been an apparent increase in its prevalence and severity, and increased rates of hospital admissions. (E. We will write a custom essay sample on Limitations From Suffering Chronic Asthma or any similar topic only for you Order Now J. Comino, 1996) For the diagnosed patient, the degree to which he or she suffers is related to severity of the condition, compliance with recommendations by medical experts, the immediate environment and the effectiveness of education programs. Like other major health problems, asthma has varying degrees of symptoms. As such, the degree and frequency of the symptoms limits many aspects of the asthmatics life. To describe the main limitations suffered by those with chronic asthma, asthma must be defined. Asthma is a condition whereby the sufferer has difficulty breathing due to widespread narrowing of the airways of the lungs. This narrowing can be caused by a local inflammation of the air-ways, muscle contraction or the production of excess mucus with in bronchi. (R. Roberts, 1996) Most common is bronchial asthma. Medical definitions of asthma suggest that environmental triggers can substantially contribute to the occurrence of an asthma attack. The review of asthma in Victoria (1988) by the Asthma Foundation of Victoria outlined infection, exercise, climatic conditions, exposure to airborne irritants and emotional upsets as the main trigger factors. However, doctors use a general classification to identify a patients pattern of asthma†¦ classifying people who experience some symptoms of asthma on most days as having a chronic asthma condition. The classification system also extends to the categories of children, occupational asthma and asthma in later life. Usually regular medication is required to keep the lungs functioning as normally as possible. Some chronic asthmatics have severe symptoms over a long period of time and may require long term or indefinite medication to be able to lead a normal life. (Lane, 1996) The most obvious limitations suffered relate to the asthmatics physiological dysfunction. However, physiological dysfunction can in turn contribute to greater social and psychological limitations. This area is related more specifically to quality of life and morbidity and will be discussed further on. The main physiological limitation is related to the presence of the bronchial narrowing slowing the movement of air into and out of the lungs. Thus, there is difficulty both breathing in and out. Asthmatics commonly describe the feeling – tightness of the chest, congestion and wheezing. Although these symptoms can commonly occur in other chest diseases, in asthma it is a characteristic that can occur in an aggravated attack. This may be either brief episodes of chest tightness lasting a matter of minutes or a prolonged episode of wheezing lasting up to and hour, which can merge into a full blown attack of asthma. Other physiological limitations relate to the sufferers sensitivity to known triggers factors and the consequential effect on their daily functioning. The Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention (1995) states that triggers are risk factors that cause asthma exacerbation†s by inducing inflammation or provoking bronchio-constriction. This report also describes the main triggers as allergens, air pollutants, respiratory infections, exercise and hyperventilation, weather changes, allergies to foods, additives and drugs, and emotional stress. For example it is well established that viral respiratory infections can exacerbate asthma, especially in children under the age of 10. (Busse, 1993) Because the triggers may vary from person to person and from time to time, it is important to take the sufferers natural history into account and identify each individuals triggers. Therefore, an individuals identified trigger can restrict the sufferers ability to function normally. For example – an asthmatic child may try to avoid exercise for fear that it may trigger an asthmatic attack. This may in turn limit the sufferers physiological development over the long term and hence further contribute to the problem. (Global Strategy, 1995) Some psychological and social problems can also be considered as a consequence of the interaction with physiological limitations. The Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention (1995) states that â€Å"asthma is a chronic disorder that can place considerable restrictions on the physical, emotional, and social aspects of the lives of patients and may have an impact on their careers†. Chronic asthma sufferers have to live with the need for treatment and with the limitations that having asthma places on their everyday lives. It is in this context that the asthmatics life area†s are most likely to be handicapped. In general, the chronic asthmatics activity choices are particularly handicapped. †¦. especially physical education. Exercise incites airflow limitation in most children and young adults who have asthma. Exercise appears to be a specific stimulus for people with asthma because it seldom leads to airflow limitation in people without asthma. Global Strategy, 1995) More specifically sports where sustained effort is needed over a considerable period (eg long distance running) are not recommended. From a psychological point of view, the development of a positive sense of self (ie self-esteem) can be adversely affected by asthma. In one study, nearly 41 percent of parents of children with asthma said that asthma caused their children to feel self-pity. These children also were found to have low self-esteem as well as poor relationships with their peers. (Charmaz, 1983) For an adult, occupation and social life may be handicapped. A comparative study from Edinburgh (1996) between asthmatics and people with other forms of physical disability were found to have similar levels of anxiety or neuroticism. It was found most asthmatics exhibited varying levels of anxiety in relation to their beliefs and, in particular, their constant fear of another attack and anxiety over school and work prospects. (Lane, 1996). Similarly, fear also plays a predominant role in children who suffer from asthma†¦. with one in four Victorian children fearing not being able to breathe as a result of asthma (King, 1988). Furthermore, the relationship between asthma and emotional andor severe behavior problems is documented in a 1995 study by R,Bussing et al. In particular they tend to suffer from limited school functioning, inability to attend school and need for special school or special classes. You read "Limitations From Suffering Chronic Asthma" in category "Essay examples" In Australia, school loss caused by asthma accounted for approximately 965,000 days annually. (Aust Bureau Statistics, 1991) In particular poor academic performance and greater risk to learning difficulties were found to be the greatest negative consequences. (Fowler, 1992) The asthma sufferer can have a limited choice of occupations, because they are exposed to an increasingly large number of potential irritants in their working lives. In particular if specific allergies are known to exist then an occupation that exposes them to the allergens must be avoided. For instance, those sensitive to pollen should not become gardeners or those who have recurrent shortness of breath, should not become marine biologists. (Lane, 1996) 3. What can an individual do to prevent the occurrence of unnecessary as asthma attacks, or to minimize the seriousness of those that do occur? In 1989 an Australian Asthma management (AMP) plan was set up as a guideline for health professionals. The guideline was set up as a common consensus among health experts to help tackle the irregular diagnosis and treatment of asthma. More particularly, to help combat the increase of asthma induced admissions to hospitals due the occurrence of unnecessary asthma attacks. This report outlined 6 important steps to aid the doctor and the sufferer as to the basis of good asthma management. They include (1) Assess the severity of asthma; (2) achieve best lung function (3) maintain best lung function by identifying and avoiding triggers; (4) maintain best lung function with optimal medication; (5) develop an action plan; and (6) educate and review regularly. (Woolcock, 1989) Current research by Beilby (1997) highlighted that having an action plan can play a vital role in preventing hospital admissions and death from asthma. An asthma action plan is a co-ordinated method of management that covers all aspects a persons asthma – medication, triggers factors, lung function measurements, etc. To ensure greater adherence, both the patient and the doctor should fill out an asthma management chart together. It encourages self management and focuses on the importance of identifying the main trigger factors and monitoring the warning signs of an asthma attack. Essentially this involves a regular check on airway function by the use of a peak flow meter and the additional measurement of lung capacity twice a day those with severe asthma. Use of symptomatic (quick working) medication such the bronchodilator ventolin aerosol type to maintain best lung function, is recommended to reduce the seriousness of an acute attack. Doctors prescribe preventative medication such as Intal (sodium cromogylcate), anti-allergy injections and inhaled steroids for people who have severe asthma. Long term use of preventative medicine is used in conjunction with bronchodilators. After several months on preventative medicine, asthmatics find they are able to reduce their use of bronchodilators dramatically. (Prendergast, 1991) Identifying trigger factors such as allergens, infection, exercise, weather changes and emotional stress is also important. The use of a bronchodilator or Intal, before being exposed to an identified trigger factor, can reduce the likelihood of an asthmatic reaction. The asthma management chart also describes what to do if following warning signs are observed : (1) the bronchodilator doesn†t bring expected relief, (2) a decrease in the peak expiratory flow, (3) Increased breathlessness and variation in peak flow rates during the day, (4) more frequent wheezing and a persistent dry cough and (4) disturbed sleep. (Prendergast, 1991) Asthmatics who live in highly polluted areas and are surrounded by electrical appliances, high tech equipment and power lines can benefit from air ionisers and a purifiers. Individuals can also prescribe to alternative treatment (for instance the Buteyko method), various breathing exercises, physical exercise (such as swimming), a healthy diet, and natural remedies such a homeopathic and acupuncture. It has been found that these treatments should complement orthodox medication and also help reduce the reliance on it. Roberts (1996) suggest that there is evidence that the Buteyko method is effective in treating chronic asthma. Devised by professor Beteyko of Siberia, this program consists of specific relaxation techniques and shallow breathing to correct breathlessness and wheezing. For those who are prone to exercise induced asthma choosing the right type of exercise is important †¦ particularly choosing a sport that requires longer and slower breathing and/or short bursts of effort. Examples include gymnastics, cricket and basketball. Swimming with its controlled breathing pattern is also recommended as it promotes chest development, flexibility and, therefore better breathing. (Roberts, 1996) There has been extensive research into new drug treatments of asthma by pharmaceutical companies and universities over the last 20 years. One such new effective drug to emerge is a Leukotiene receptor antagonists (LTRA). It was recently introduced into Australia this year and the USA 3 years ago. In people with asthma, leukotrienes play a key role in causing the inflammation, bronchoconstriction, and mucous production that lead to coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath. LTRA†s prevent leukotrienes from attaching to the proinflammatory receptors on circulating and lung cells, which contribute to asthma symptoms. Leukotriene research is the direct result of a Nobel Prize-winning discovery made by scientist Beng Samuelsson in 1979. (Lipworth, 1999) However, there needs to be further research into the efficacy and its side effects. 4. How effective are the educational programs undertaken by organizations such as Asthma Victoria? Current statistics indicate that there has been a reduction of asthma mortality and morbidity in Australia over the past 10 years. The fall in deaths from 964 in 1989 to 715 in 1997 may indicate that some of Australia†s strategies for asthma management have been successful. (NAC, 1998) The Australian Asthma Management Program provides a systematic and methodical approach to asthma care. Nevertheless, it was not formulated as an evidence based document. This means that its recommendations (devised in 1989) were not based on systematic reviews or had been ranked according to the strength supporting them. However, today there have been a number of studies reviewing the effectiveness of the AMP. One such report by the National Asthma Campaign (1999), commented on the crucial role of education in improving the management of asthma rather than the token gesture of handing over a leaflet at the end of a patient consultation. This was in relation to the 6th step – educate and review regularly and highlights the importance of education programs undertaken by organizations such as the Australian National Asthma Campaign, Asthma Victoria, the Thoracic society of Australia and New Zealand and other relevant educators. The 1990 and 1993 national surveys of 22,000 adults and 16,000 children conducted by the National Asthma Campaign (NAC) showed improved asthma management practices in the three year period. Although the changes are not necessary the direct result of the National Asthma Campaign, it is considered to be consistent with the campaign and other agencies having been successful in promoting awareness and optimal management of asthma. (Comino, 1996) One of the goals of the NAC was to reduce the reliance on daily medication and hence increase the use of preventative therapy (such as inhaled corcosteroids) for patients with moderate or severe asthma; together with written action plans based on symptom severity and measurements of lung function. Use of preventative medication was found to have increased among both children and adults. The study highlighted also that there was a significant decline in the use of daily inhaled bronchodilator drugs among children and also inappropriate medications such as antibiotics and oral prescriptions. In addition this study also showed that in 1993 survey, doctors measured lung function significantly more often than in 1990; with similar increases observed in the use of peak flow meters and written action plans. These results suggest that the Australian Asthma Management Programs are relatively effective. However, the study also points to the fact that limitations still exist. In particular there is a lack of communication and joint management strategies between specialists and GP†s, hospitals and the community; whilst the use of action plans still has considerable room for further improvement. Nonetheless, not all studies on education programs show positive conclusions. A British research paper ‘Greenwich Asthma Study† of 1291 asthmatics conducted in 1993 and 1996 found that their model of service delivery was not effective in improving the outcome of asthma in the community. The intervention program used was based on the British Thoracic Society†s guidelines and was conducted by specialist nurses in community based settings. There were similarities in the methodology and intervention measurement. However, they concluded that no evidence was found for an improvement in asthma related quality of life among newly surveyed patients in intervention practices compared with control practices. Altogether this highlights that the variability of the asthma educational programs undertaken by various major organisations make it difficult to comparatively evaluate. A comprehensive world wide study, ‘Objectives, methods and content of patient education programs for adults with asthma: systematic review of studies published between 1979 and 1998†³ found that there was great difficulty in identifying the most effective components of asthma educational programs. The main reason cited was that education programs for adults with asthma vary widely. Most reports did not specify the general (56%) and educational objectives (60%) of the intervention. Important training characteristics were often not available: duration of education (45%) and number of sessions (22%), who delivered education (15%), whether training was conducted in groups or was individualised (28%). (Sudre, 1999) Such variability suggests a lack of consensus on what educational components actually work. With insufficient documentation of asthma education programs for adults, replication is limited. In conclusion there is some evidence to suggest that written treatment management plans are most effective in improving the quality of life for people with asthma. In the Australian context the National Asthma Campaign has clearly documented program goals. However, the limitations lie in its lack of empirical evidence. In addition the reliability of the research documents in general has been brought into question by the Sudre (1999) study. Therefore it is difficult to demonstrate the most effective management plan for asthma sufferers. This issue is currently being addressed by the National Asthma Campaign and the Asthma Foundation of Victoria. The Asthma foundation is currently conducting a study into the effectiveness of their schools based program. Hopefully, this and other studies will help fill the gap associated with the effectiveness of asthma education programs. And hence secure the continuation and development of asthma education in the community. How to cite Limitations From Suffering Chronic Asthma, Essay examples Limitations From Suffering Chronic Asthma Free Essays string(40) " for special school or special classes\." One of the major public health problems facing Australia today is Asthma. It is disturbing that there has been an apparent increase in its prevalence and severity, and increased rates of hospital admissions. (E. We will write a custom essay sample on Limitations From Suffering Chronic Asthma or any similar topic only for you Order Now J.Comino, 1996) For the diagnosed patient, the degree to which he or she suffers is related to severity of the condition, compliance with recommendations by medical experts, the immediate environment and the effectiveness of education programs. Like other major health problems, asthma has varying degrees of symptoms. As such, the degree and frequency of the symptoms limits many aspects of the asthmatics life. To describe the main limitations suffered by those with chronic asthma, asthma must be defined. Asthma is a condition whereby the sufferer has difficulty breathing due to widespread narrowing of the airways of the lungs. This narrowing can be caused by a local inflammation of the air-ways, muscle contraction or the production of excess mucus with in bronchi. (R.Roberts, 1996) Most common is bronchial asthma. Medical definitions of asthma suggest that environmental triggers can substantially contribute to the occurrence of an asthma attack. The review of asthma in Victoria (1988) by the Asthma Foundation of Victoria outlined infection, exercise, climatic conditions, exposure to airborne irritants and emotional upsets as the main trigger factors. However, doctors use a general classification to identify a patients pattern of asthma†¦classifying people who experience some symptoms of asthma on most days as having a chronic asthma condition. The classification system also extends to the categories of children, occupational asthma and asthma in later life. Usually regular medication is required to keep the lungs functioning as normally as possible. Some chronic asthmatics have severe symptoms over a long period of time and may require long term or indefinite medication to be able to lead a normal life. (Lane, 1996) The most obvious limitations suffered relate to the asthmatics physiological dysfunction. However, physiological dysfunction can in turn contribute to greater social and psychological limitations. This area is related more specifically to quality of life and morbidity and will be discussed further on. The main physiological limitation is related to the presence of the bronchial narrowing slowing the movement of air into and out of the lungs. Thus, there is difficulty both breathing in and out. Asthmatics commonly describe the feeling – tightness of the chest, congestion and wheezing. Although these symptoms can commonly occur in other chest diseases, in asthma it is a characteristic that can occur in an aggravated attack. This may be either brief episodes of chest tightness lasting a matter of minutes or a prolonged episode of wheezing lasting up to and hour, which can merge into a full blown attack of asthma. (D.J.Lane, 1996) Other physiological limitations relate to the sufferers sensitivity to known triggers factors and the consequential effect on their daily functioning. The Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention (1995) states that triggers are risk factors that cause asthma exacerbation†s by inducing inflammation or provoking bronchio-constriction. This report also describes the main triggers as allergens, air pollutants, respiratory infections, exercise and hyperventilation, weather changes, allergies to foods, additives and drugs, and emotional stress. For example it is well established that viral respiratory infections can exacerbate asthma, especially in children under the age of 10. (Busse, 1993) Because the triggers may vary from person to person and from time to time, it is important to take the sufferers natural history into account and identify each individuals triggers. Therefore, an individuals identified trigger can restrict the sufferers ability to function normally. For example – an asthmatic child may try to avoid exercise for fear that it may trigger an asthmatic attack. This may in turn limit the sufferers physiological development over the long term and hence further contribute to the problem. (Global Strategy, 1995) Some psychological and social problems can also be considered as a consequence of the interaction with physiological limitations. The Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention (1995) states that â€Å"asthma is a chronic disorder that can place considerable restrictions on the physical, emotional, and social aspects of the lives of patients and may have an impact on their careers†. Chronic asthma sufferers have to live with the need for treatment and with the limitations that having asthma places on their everyday lives. It is in this context that the asthmatics life area†s are most likely to be handicapped. In general, the chronic asthmatics activity choices are particularly handicapped. †¦. especially physical education. Exercise incites airflow limitation in most children and young adults who have asthma. Exercise appears to be a specific stimulus for people with asthma because it seldom leads to airflow limitation in people without asthma. (Global Strategy, 1995) More specifically sports where sustained effort is needed over a considerable period (eg long distance running) are not recommended. From a psychological point of view, the development of a positive sense of self (ie self-esteem) can be adversely affected by asthma. In one study, nearly 41 percent of parents of children with asthma said that asthma caused their children to feel self-pity. These children also were found to have low self-esteem as well as poor relationships with their peers. (Charmaz, 1983) For an adult, occupation and social life may be handicapped. A comparative study from Edinburgh (1996) between asthmatics and people with other forms of physical disability were found to have similar levels of anxiety or neuroticism. It was found most asthmatics exhibited varying levels of anxiety in relation to their beliefs and, in particular, their constant fear of another attack and anxiety over school and work prospects. (Lane, 1996). Similarly, fear also plays a predominant role in children who suffer from asthma†¦. with one in four Victorian children fearing not being able to breathe as a result of asthma (King, 1988). Furthermore, the relationship between asthma and emotional andor severe behavior problems is documented in a 1995 study by R,Bussing et al. In particular they tend to suffer from limited school functioning, inability to attend school and need for special school or special classes. You read "Limitations From Suffering Chronic Asthma" in category "Papers" In Australia, school loss caused by asthma accounted for approximately 965,000 days annually. (Aust Bureau Statistics, 1991) In particular poor academic performance and greater risk to learning difficulties were found to be the greatest negative consequences. (Fowler, 1992) The asthma sufferer can have a limited choice of occupations, because they are exposed to an increasingly large number of potential irritants in their working lives. In particular if specific allergies are known to exist then an occupation that exposes them to the allergens must be avoided. For instance, those sensitive to pollen should not become gardeners or those who have recurrent shortness of breath, should not become marine biologists. (Lane, 1996) 3. What can an individual do to prevent the occurrence of unnecessary as asthma attacks, or to minimize the seriousness of those that do occur? In 1989 an Australian Asthma management (AMP) plan was set up as a guideline for health professionals. The guideline was set up as a common consensus among health experts to help tackle the irregular diagnosis and treatment of asthma. More particularly, to help combat the increase of asthma induced admissions to hospitals due the occurrence of unnecessary asthma attacks. This report outlined 6 important steps to aid the doctor and the sufferer as to the basis of good asthma management. They include (1) Assess the severity of asthma; (2) achieve best lung function (3) maintain best lung function by identifying and avoiding triggers; (4) maintain best lung function with optimal medication; (5) develop an action plan; and (6) educate and review regularly. (Woolcock, 1989) Current research by Beilby (1997) highlighted that having an action plan can play a vital role in preventing hospital admissions and death from asthma. An asthma action plan is a co-ordinated method of management that covers all aspects a persons asthma – medication, triggers factors, lung function measurements, etc. To ensure greater adherence, both the patient and the doctor should fill out an asthma management chart together. It encourages self management and focuses on the importance of identifying the main trigger factors and monitoring the warning signs of an asthma attack. Essentially this involves a regular check on airway function by the use of a peak flow meter and the additional measurement of lung capacity twice a day those with severe asthma. Use of symptomatic (quick working) medication such the bronchodilator ventolin aerosol type to maintain best lung function, is recommended to reduce the seriousness of an acute attack. Doctors prescribe preventative medication such as Intal (sodium cromogylcate), anti-allergy injections and inhaled steroids for people who have severe asthma. Long term use of preventative medicine is used in conjunction with bronchodilators. After several months on preventative medicine, asthmatics find they are able to reduce their use of bronchodilators dramati cally. (Prendergast, 1991) Identifying trigger factors such as allergens, infection, exercise, weather changes and emotional stress is also important. The use of a bronchodilator or Intal, before being exposed to an identified trigger factor, can reduce the likelihood of an asthmatic reaction. The asthma management chart also describes what to do if following warning signs are observed : (1) the bronchodilator doesn†t bring expected relief, (2) a decrease in the peak expiratory flow, (3) Increased breathlessness and variation in peak flow rates during the day, (4) more frequent wheezing and a persistent dry cough and (4) disturbed sleep. (Prendergast, 1991) Asthmatics who live in highly polluted areas and are surrounded by electrical appliances, high tech equipment and power lines can benefit from air ionisers and a purifiers. Individuals can also prescribe to alternative treatment (for instance the Buteyko method), various breathing exercises, physical exercise (such as swimming), a healthy diet, and natural remedies such a homeopathic and acupuncture. It has been found that these treatments should complement orthodox medication and also help reduce the reliance on it. Roberts (1996) suggest that there is evidence that the Buteyko method is effective in treating chronic asthma. Devised by professor Beteyko of Siberia, this program consists of specific relaxation techniques and shallow breathing to correct breathlessness and wheezing. For those who are prone to exercise induced asthma choosing the right type of exercise is important †¦ particularly choosing a sport that requires longer and slower breathing and/or short bursts of effort. Examples include gymnastics, cricket and basketball. Swimming with its controlled breathing pattern is also recommended as it promotes chest development, flexibility and, therefore better breathing. (Roberts, 1996) There has been extensive research into new drug treatments of asthma by pharmaceutical companies and universities over the last 20 years. One such new effective drug to emerge is a Leukotiene receptor antagonists (LTRA). It was recently introduced into Australia this year and the USA 3 years ago. In people with asthma, leukotrienes play a key role in causing the inflammation, bronchoconstriction, and mucous production that lead to coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath. LTRA†s prevent leukotrienes from attaching to the proinflammatory receptors on circulating and lung cells, which contribute to asthma symptoms. Leukotriene research is the direct result of a Nobel Prize-winning discovery made by scientist Beng Samuelsson in 1979. (Lipworth, 1999) However, there needs to be further research into the efficacy and its side effects. 4. How effective are the educational programs undertaken by organizations such as Asthma Victoria? Current statistics indicate that there has been a reduction of asthma mortality and morbidity in Australia over the past 10 years. The fall in deaths from 964 in 1989 to 715 in 1997 may indicate that some of Australia†s strategies for asthma management have been successful. (NAC, 1998) The Australian Asthma Management Program provides a systematic and methodical approach to asthma care. Nevertheless, it was not formulated as an evidence based document. This means that its recommendations (devised in 1989) were not based on systematic reviews or had been ranked according to the strength supporting them. However, today there have been a number of studies reviewing the effectiveness of the AMP. One such report by the National Asthma Campaign (1999), commented on the crucial role of education in improving the management of asthma rather than the token gesture of handing over a leaflet at the end of a patient consultation. This was in relation to the 6th step – educate and review regularly and highlights the importance of education programs undertaken by organizations such as the Australian National Asthma Campaign, Asthma Victoria, the Thoracic society of Australia and New Zealand and other relevant educators. The 1990 and 1993 national surveys of 22,000 adults and 16,000 children conducted by the National Asthma Campaign (NAC) showed improved asthma management practices in the three year period. Although the changes are not necessary the direct result of the National Asthma Campaign, it is considered to be consistent with the campaign and other agencies having been successful in promoting awareness and optimal management of asthma. (Comino, 1996) One of the goals of the NAC was to reduce the reliance on daily medication and hence increase the use of preventative therapy (such as inhaled corcosteroids) for patients with moderate or severe asthma; together with written action plans based on symptom severity and measurements of lung function. Use of preventative medication was found to have increased among both children and adults. The study highlighted also that there was a significant decline in the use of daily inhaled bronchodilator drugs among children and also inappropriate medications such as antibiotics and oral prescriptions. In addition this study also showed that in 1993 survey, doctors measured lung function significantly more often than in 1990; with similar increases observed in the use of peak flow meters and written action plans. (Comino, 1996) These results suggest that the Australian Asthma Management Programs are relatively effective. However, the study also points to the fact that limitations still exist. In particular there is a lack of communication and joint management strategies between specialists and GP†s, hospitals and the community; whilst the use of action plans still has considerable room for further improvement. Nonetheless, not all studies on education programs show positive conclusions. A British research paper ‘Greenwich Asthma Study† of 1291 asthmatics conducted in 1993 and 1996 found that their model of service delivery was not effective in improving the outcome of asthma in the community. The intervention program used was based on the British Thoracic Society†s guidelines and was conducted by specialist nurses in community based settings. There were similarities in the methodology and intervention measurement. However, they concluded that no evidence was found for an improvement in asthma related quality of life among newly surveyed patients in intervention practices compared with control practices. (Premaratne, 1999) Altogether this highlights that the variability of the asthma educational programs undertaken by various major organisations make it difficult to comparatively evaluate. A comprehensive world wide study, ‘Objectives, methods and content of patient education programs for adults with asthma: systematic review of studies published between 1979 and 1998†³ found that there was great difficulty in identifying the most effective components of asthma educational programs. The main reason cited was that education programs for adults with asthma vary widely. Most reports did not specify the general (56%) and educational objectives (60%) of the intervention. Important training characteristics were often not available: duration of education (45%) and number of sessions (22%), who delivered education (15%), whether training was conducted in groups or was individualised (28%). (Sudre, 1999) Such variability suggests a lack of consensus on what educational components actually work. With insufficient documentation of asthma education programs for adults, replication is limited. In conclusion there is some evidence to suggest that written treatment management plans are most effective in improving the quality of life for people with asthma. In the Australian context the National Asthma Campaign has clearly documented program goals. However, the limitations lie in its lack of empirical evidence. In addition the reliability of the research documents in general has been brought into question by the Sudre (1999) study. Therefore it is difficult to demonstrate the most effective management plan for asthma sufferers. This issue is currently being addressed by the National Asthma Campaign and the Asthma Foundation of Victoria. The Asthma foundation is currently conducting a study into the effectiveness of their schools based program. Hopefully, this and other studies will help fill the gap associated with the effectiveness of asthma education programs. And hence secure the continuation and development of asthma education in the community. How to cite Limitations From Suffering Chronic Asthma, Papers

Preparing for Incidents of Terrorism at the Local Level

Introduction It is no doubt that terrorism impacts are harsh and among the worst evils perpetrated by humans against fellow mankind. The 9/11 bombings and the bombings conducted on the pentagon and the World Trade Centre have left even the most powerful nation; the United States of America, in much fear and with much consideration of what the terrorists might be planning to  execute in the near future.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Preparing for Incidents of Terrorism at the Local Level specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Terrorism has become one among the worst effects of globalization. With ease of movement, every nation ranging from Africa’s Kenya and Uganda to the worlds most powerful, the U.S and Britain which have witnessed the devastating impact of terrorism. The vulnerability has led governments, institutions and individuals at national and local level into preventative measures in case t he terrorist attack once again. The preparation is being performed in an effort to reduce the stress and fear of what might happen. Apart from people becoming more cautious of the unexpected, at the local level campaigns and mobilization are being conducted to make people of the sudden terror attacks (Victor, 2006). Preparing for Incidents of Terrorism at the Local Level In an evaluation of the area surrounding Saint Leo, much has been done to prepare the community with skills to prepare them in an event of a terror attack. Many of the initiatives are conducted to educate individuals and their families on how to take precautionary measures (Victor, 2006). Most of the effort is sector based and directed towards the local community. Mutual aid agreements are made within the local unit to strengthen the community response function, as well as work with the federal sates so as to improve the answer on terror attacks. According to several sources, the first step in preparing for the sudd en panic attacks is to solicit information on what actually happens when terror attacks actually repeats itself. History always repeats itself, and there can be no dispute that terrorism attacks in every part of the world are perpetrated by the same individuals, in the same manner with the same motive. With lessons from the past, it is celebrated for every man to prepare themselves with knowledge of what actually happens when the terrorist attack (Sageman, 2000). Learning from areas where terrorist has already struck, people should become knowledgeable. This can be done at an individual level, where a person personally takes the initiative to search for information. This may include special levels where the head of the family or one family member seeks information and uses it to educate others on the best method of responding to fatalities.Advertising Looking for research paper on political culture? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn Mo re The effect of terrorism is detrimental to an entire body and putting this in mind, it is necessary to have someone who the body can communicate to in times when the disaster strikes (Sageman, 2000; Victor, 2006). The concerned individuals should be perfectly aware of the various ways of accessing the person that will need assistance during the rescue mission. In that essence, the operation group must figure out effective ways of reaching the victims on the ground. A reliable family friend or relative should be chosen so that the person is free and does not disappoint incase of disaster. In so doing, the person should be far aware from the community so that they are not direct victims in case of the terror attacks. On the other hand, they should not be too far so that travelling and communication becomes a problem. When travelling is not a problem, the individual can be consulted to come for the victims in case the terror attacks cause harm to means of transport for the person o r their family. Many times, terror attacks occur when family members are not running. It is therefore, crucial locally to equip every single member of the family with telephone contacts of the person who will become the liberation of the family in case of terror attacks. School going children should be given the telephone number of the person, and in every school, there should be a section where parents and guardians can make the emergency number of the person to be contacted incase of terror attacks (Michael, 2006; Sageman, 2000). While mobile phones have become the most appropriate means of communication in the modern society, it is also necessary to rely on emails and other forms of online communication since during attacks, telephone lines and mobile phone networks may become congested. It is necessary to make everyone aware at the local level to be calm in times of attacks because their calls to the person who will appear in their release might not be answered at the first inst ance of calling (Sageman, 2000). After having an official emergency rescue system and open channel of communication, it is acceptable for every person to identify their audience ground with their fellow tribe members or their friends who will assist in the event of a terror attacks. This step is particularly necessary because of the uncertainty that accompanies many terror attacks (Michael, 2006). At such times, people hardly think right and often go round in circles due to the heartache that comes with the monster incidents. Having a preliminary means that includes a meeting place reduces much trouble and helps curb the misery that is likely to be witnessed in case of terror. Also, having a meeting place way in advance helps simplify the process of coming into terms with reality and reducing the time spent in the search for a successful meeting ground. As discussed earlier, relations might become a problem in such a time and trying to discover each other will become more complicate d if there was not any agreed meeting place. While the agreed place might be a hotel, it is also crucial to include a place for pets while coming up with such a plan since many hotels policies bar pets.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Preparing for Incidents of Terrorism at the Local Level specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Many terror attacks strike when nobody is expecting them to strike. In light of this, it is crucial for every family to be educated and have hardware that the family can rely upon when the terrorism attack occurs. The number one requirement in such a kit should be medication for any sick family member that relies on them for assistance. For instance, this may include asthmatic children or treatment of diabetic individuals (Arnaud, 2007; Michael, 2006). Secondly, such a kit to rely on incase of failure should include significant essentials for every family member such clothes. In case t here is a member of the family with any form of disability, it will be necessary to have all their necessities within the kit. In addition, it is necessary to include necessities for any elderly members or system food for newborn children. Having emergency equipment will make the family members more comfortable and reduce the burden of the attacks. At the local level, such kits should not miss bottled water and food since they are necessities for survival. On the other hand, having a sleeping bag and additional copies of critical certificates for every family member such as copies of the family will, copies of the driving license, life insurance policies, copies of marriage certificates, as well as birth certificates for the children will help provide closure to the package (Allan, 2003). All this can be stored in a family friend’s house inform of a duffel bag. In connection, schools also play a significant role during the planning process against terror attack; hence, they s hould never be neglected. As a matter of fact, it is necessary for every school to ensure it has an acceptable plan in case of terror attack. In case of such attacks, the school should instruct the children on an evacuation plan. Secondly, there should be an acceptable alignment with parents on how the children are sheltered or picked in case of an emergency. As such, schools should seek to eliminate unnecessary confusion and try to become as prepared as possible. Where parents are not available to pick up their children, the following should adequately inform the parents on what is required for someone else to pick up their child from school (Arnaud, 2007). As discussed earlier, telephone become jammed incase of disaster, and it is noteworthy that the school equips the parent with an email address that is used in cases of emergency rather than relying in the inconvenience and frustrations of jammed telephone lines.Advertising Looking for research paper on political culture? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More On the other hand, modern communication technologies mobilization at the local level has become efficient through the use of local radio stations. Local radio stations can be of considerable help in preparing for a terror attacks. The first step in utilizing local radio stations is to assist in case disaster strikes. This is achieved by training every practitioner in the station on how to communicate terror, as well as calm down the affected public. Officials in charge of emergency and disasters such as terrorism attacks and opinion leaders in the community should also be trained on how to address people by utilizing the local radio station. In doing so, it is necessary to know that when utilizing the media, it can be a double edging sword. The words used can either bring hope and calm to the victims of terror or accelerate tension and fear among the local communities. Therefore, the concerned individuals must consider every tone used while addressing issues of terror attacks. In co nnection, the local radio station can be a procedure that will help people assemble into a safe ground and also provide a channel of communication through which various members of the community can access each other. Emergency officials can also utilize the local radio station to direct individuals on the way forward (Arnaud, 2007). There is no better way to prepare individuals within a local community against a foreseen disaster than to train them on how to conduct first aid and evacuation strategies. As a result, the population will be well informed on the methods of assisting the injured before professional assistance can be traced. First aid is an essential tool in saving lives and equipping a proportionate number of the local community with first aid skills can be a key to saving lives (Allan, 2003). The trained individuals should be equally distributed in the region and well reliable to be in the community in case of an emergency. By being distributed in the region, the commun ity ensures that in whichever direction or location, the disaster strikes, there will be individuals well vast with first aid who will come to the rescue of the community. As a matter of fact, reliability assures availability in situations of terror attacks. As witnessed in the 911 attack, terror attacks may be accompanied by massive destruction within the transport and communication network, as well as in the affected building structures (Arnaud, 2007). As a preparatory measure, it is essential that every employer ensure they are well vast with the medical conditions of all their employees. Alongside the medical information, every employer should have sufficient contacts of members so as to allow for an effective communication (Allan, 2003). When terrorism attacks occur, health and medical facilities become jam-packed by the large number of casualties. As such, it is necessary that every health facility become prepared for such disasters; hence, ensure that they are well equipped t o handle the situation. In addition, it is necessary to equip the facilities with practitioners who will attend to the mental condition of victims, which comes as a result of trauma among some of the victims. Consequently, it will be an added advantage to have adequate personnel and bed spaces, which will ensure that there will be minimal overcrowding within such medical facilities. In the long run, all the injured persons will receive adequate treatment and be discharged in a timely manner. On several occasions, the media is perceived to have a harmful weight on the health and well being of the affected parties. This happens when media group tend to pressure already traumatized individuals into giving information about the occurrences and their experience. Therefore, it would be beneficial to try and control the media in future attacks so as to allow quick recovery among the victims of attack (Allan, 2003). While trying to establish the cause of attack, the media will go as far as intruding into the lives of the victims so as to get substantial evidence that will support their writing. As such, it will be beneficial to train the media practitioners on how to interview victims on an attack without causing further trauma. Summary of Findings Considering the legal implications of terror attacks, there will be heavy enforcement of laws at local, national and international level. At the local level, roads may be temporary blocked, and vehicles may be thoroughly scanned. It is necessary to educate legal officers to deal with the crisis appropriately while ensuring that perpetrators do not escape at close distance unnoticed. Though there are rare cases of people getting infected in the course of conducting rescue, it is necessary to educate everyone appropriately. As a first step, people should be trained to avoid direct contact with blood especially on exposed parts of their bodies and there should be readily available gloves to people conducting first aid and resc ue missions. As much as possible, children should be protected from witnessing the terror impacts as well as from watching any unedited information. Parents should be well informed in advance in order to expose children to only information that will not have a negative impact of their mental health. Another crucial way in which people can prepare for terror activities is by being keen of their surrounding and any unusual occurrence (Allan, 2003). Though terror activities strike when the victims least expects, the best way to prepare for the unusual is being aware of the usual environment. Despite, terror activities happen in unusual manners. People should be keen with their environment so that in case of any alterations within the environment, they can easily notice and report to the authority. For instance, when a person is keen with the speed limit within the locality, they can detect a vehicle that is intended to conduct some illegal business. As such, individuals must strive to be careful with strangers; hence, refrain from receiving unnecessary packages from them. Conclusions In conclusion, preparing for terrorism attacks is never an easy task for any individual or local community. At times, the community can be called to take precautionary measures like any other disaster despite the fact that terrorism is a more complex act than many other known attacks. Individuals need to be on the lookout at every single minute of their lives because it can never be easy to predict when terror attacks. As established, it is remarkably important to plan against terror attack since this will minimize the risk of the vice occurring, or limit the effect that such a disaster can cause on the local population. References Allan, M. (2003). Why Terrorism Works: Understanding The Threat Responding To The  Challenge. Yale: Yale University Press. Arnaud, G. (2007).The History of Terrorism: From Antiquity to Al Qaeda. California: University of California. Michael, P. (2006). T he Terrorist Identity: Explaining the Terrorist Threat. New York, NY: New York University Press. Sageman, M. (2000). Leaderless Jihad: Terror Networks in the Twenty First Century.  London: University of Pennsylvania Press. Victor, E. (2006). Preparing the US Army for Homeland Security: Concept and Issues. New York, NY: Rand Corporation. This research paper on Preparing for Incidents of Terrorism at the Local Level was written and submitted by user John Webb to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

buy custom Checklist in Management essay

buy custom Checklist in Management essay Effective management is the goal that any organization would like to achieve. It can be achieved through economic development and an increase in profit. Different authors have focused on the topic with the intention of identifying and exploiting different actions that can be taken to ensure that cooperating enterprises is successful. Atul Gawande is a successful surgeon and author who have not been left behind. He has written a book titled The Checklist. It is an important book that is concentrated at diverse basic issues that act as the foundation of effective management in companies, industries and all forms of investments. The paper focuses on the book The Checklist by Atul Gawande with the intention of evaluating the central lessons that the author is teaching. The paper will also define and discuss the learning outcomes, acquired from the book. It is also essential to gauge the power of Atuls book to the future managers. As indicated in the book, many professional individuals, high technological devices, and most expertise persons struggle to achieve the tasks that they are allocated (Atul 80). However, training for a long time and use of most advanced technology does not prevent the occurrence of errors. In the line of management, it is important to realize that prevention of error does not depend on the professionalism, technology or the mode of strategies that the concerned people have studied. The Checklist is a book that explains basic management skills that require the simplest and humblest techniques. The techniques are applicable in any field of specialty, any career and at any level. The use of a checklist requires individuals to use it to confirm the requirements and their obligations. As indicated in the book, the use of a checklist has enabled the prosperity of many high risk projects. Many people take management as a complicated issue that relies on theories, philosophies and certificate s. Nevertheless, Atul has simplified modrn management into a simple rule that is guided with discipline and simplicity. The Checklist is a book that has affected my personal views greatly. Before reading the book, I took management as a complicated career that requires high education, much commitment, clamming of theories and strategies just to mention a few. However, studying the book has changed my views of things and opinions. In the book, the author has used different examples to illustrate, how a number of successful individuals have acquired success through the use of simple and humble techniques. It has been a challenge to me seeing that simple discipline and humble applications can act as the most successful theory of business management (Atul 118). However, the book has motivated and encouraged me, since I have realized that the key factors that cause success in business management are derived from simple rules. The main lesson the author intends to teach his readers is the basic steps that an individual or business enterprise can take in order to be successful. He focuses on different issues but limits his idea on a checklist in every project. As seen in the examples, many people think that their fields are complicated and have tedious procedures that cannot be slimmed into a checklist. Nevertheless, most competent personnel make mistakes. A checklist is an important management tool that prevents individuals from making mistakes while in management procedures. The book has given me significant ideas in my life. One of the most essential is the utilization of a checklist during all my official businesses. As a student in management, I would like to become a successful manager who does not fail in management issues. The book has enabled me to discover that many people fail because of errors and mistakes (Atul 117). Fortunately, the author has equipped his readers with simple solutions to management issues that are based on humble ideas. The use of a checklist in my day-to-day activities enables me to get rid of errors, mistakes and omissions. As Atul indicated in his book, a single mistake that can be caused by forgetting or omitting a single step can cost life or a golden opportunity in business management. I have found it important to follow a checklist in all important issues, in life, to enable me to get used to the practice. As the saying goes, practice brings perfection. Practicing Atuls theory of checklists will enable me to maintain the practice and use it well in my business management career. The goal that I intend to pursue as a result of completing the project is to ensure that I become a successful business manager, who will make sure to use a checklist in all business projects. It is a challenging goal, since becoming a professional business manager requires commitment and studies, research and field exploration. Nevertheless, with determination and self-commitment, I will achieve the goal (Atul 93). Modern management requires different skills and practice theories. The skills and theories require humble time to ensure that an individual covers all the theories, and he is informed to ensure efficiency during practice. It is a hard goal to acquire but with the assistance of my teachers, hard work and commitment I will achieve the goal. Most of the management projects are challenging, tedious, and complicated. As a result, it is a challenging process to come up with a checklist for monitoring the projects. As indicated in The Checklist, management procedures have the st eps that follow one another in chronological order. Therefore, I will take my time to study the processes, programs, and procedures related to my field of specialty to ensure I will not have a hard time to prepare a checklist during my professional practice. Despite all the challenges, there are enough resources that I can utilize to ensure that I acquire competency in the field. The resources can be acquired from different books on business management and other sources, such as an online database. Buy custom Checklist in Management essay

Selecting the right tools to learn French

Selecting the right tools to learn French So you already asked I want to learn French, where do I start? and answered  fundamental questions on why you want to learn, and what your goal is - learning to pass test, learning to read French or learning to actually communicate in French. Now, you are ready to pick a learning method. There are so many French learning method available out there that it can be overwhelming. Here are my tips on selecting a French learning method which best suits YOUR needs and goals. Selecting the right method to learn French Its really worth spending some time researching and sorting through the ton of French material out there to find what is good for you. Look at the customer reviews, and also what experts recommend.Be smart and make sure you dont fall for paid advertising (like Google ads) or affiliate links (links to product which give  the referring site a percentage of the sale†¦ Many very popular  audio methods such as Rosetta Stone use this marketing technique†¦ It doesnt mean they are necessarily bad, but it means you cannot trust the rating they are getting because the person wrote the review to get the affiliate fee†¦).Doing your own research here is essential because at the end, you can only trust yourself!  Make sure you know what you are buying: a decent site should have samples, and plenty of VERIFIED customers reviews.Many methods offer a 100% money back guarantee or free trial - thats always a good thing.Ask and you shall receive - if the method you are interested in doesnt offer samples or free trial, contact them and ask them for some. If there is no customer support, in our days and age, its a ve ry bad sign... Look for the right method for your own needs I dont believe there is only one good method. But there is one best suited for each student. If you speak Spanish for example, the structure of French, the logic of the tenses is going to be quite easy for you. You need a method that will give you the facts, lists, but you wont need much grammatical explanations.   On the contrary, if you only speak English, chances are that you will say at one point French grammar is so difficult (and I am being extremely polite here†¦). So you need a method that truly explains grammar (both French and English, a method that doesnt assume you know what a direct object is, for example†¦) and then gives you plenty of practice. Learning with level appropriate tools Many people will tell you to read the newspapers, watch French movies, speak with your French friends. I personally disagree.   There are always exceptions of course, but in my experience (20 years teaching French to adults) for the majority of people, that is not how you should START to learn French. Its what you do when you are a confident French speaker, but not how you start.   Studying with something too difficult, speaking with people who cannot adapt their language to your present level may  destroy your emerging self confidence in French. You have to nurture this confidence, so that you can one day get over your - only natural - fear of actually speaking French with someone else. You must always feel you are progressing, not running into a wall.   Nurturing methods do exists, but finding them will require a little research and sorting from your part. For beginners/intermediate students of French, I personally recommend my own method - Moi Paris downloadable audiobooks. Otherwise, I really like what they did at Fluentz. In my opinion, whatever your level may be, learning French with audio is an absolute must.

Business Writing.... Career Study Project Term Paper

Business Writing.... Career Study Project - Term Paper Example Project description This project seeks to list the challenges that MCC students have been experiencing when looking for a suitable career or major area of study at MCC Career/Job Service Center: - Overwhelming amount of unsorted information regarding an HR recruiter Lack of organization and guidelines of how and where to look for information Unawareness of Holland’s Conventional personality types, thus inability to match their personal interest and desires with career selection Lack of any summarized information specifically describing Holland’s Conventional personality type and the HR recruiter career with all pertinent information (i.e. required education, salary information, required experience, job description) To solve all the issues listed above, a concise but comprehensive study of the HR recruiter career has been produced. It includes all viable information to place in the MCC Career Center or post on your website to help interested students to make informed dec isions about their potential career path. Scope Project covers the following: The areas of focus are the following: salary progression, promotional opportunities, job security, workload, etc. Information regarding the career of an HR recruiter along with any findings related to the careers appeal and usefulness Summary of key findings and recommendations to the potential student if the career is suitable for him/her based on his/her Holland Personality Type. The information summary tables and the reference page with recommended resources Report Format Discussion of HR recruiter Conclusion and Recommendations References DISCUSSION OF HUMAN RESOURCES RECRUITER CAREER Overview This career study will help current MCC students to find the career that is the most suitable to their personality, interests, and skills, using Holland’s Personality Type model. The report also provides all detailed information regarding the particular career of their choice such as required education, sk ills, experience, current and future job opportunities, work environment, work conditions, salary, and benefits. The career study project also summarizes all gathered information for each HR recruiter career level in an easy-to-read summary table for a quick reference. Sources of the information are listed in the summary table as well. Criteria and Methodology This report targets students with Conventional Holland’s Personality Type Model, who would be suitable for the career of HR recruiter. This personality type has excellent organizational skills and prefers building relationships across diverse cultures and backgrounds. To evaluate the suitability of this career, the following topics were researched using current government and internet sources: The information regarding the career of HR recruiter is divided in the following categories: Required education, skills, and experience Conventional type person likes being precise, orderly, organizing, and paying attention to det ails, so a bachelor’s degree in labor relations, personnel, and human resources is helpful and a good knowledge of the labor law is an asset. Examples of the required skills are: effective oral and written communication skills, relationship building skills, excellent computer skills in a Microsoft Windows environment, ability to work independently

Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting - Essay Example Clinically, however, there is a serious need to control PONV since undertreated, PONV may lead to life-threatening complications, such as, wound dehiscence, pulmonary aspiration of gastric contents, bleeding, dehydration, and even electrolyte imbalances if continued unabated. Rapid advances in surgical techniques have brought in a paradigm shift in approach to surgical practice, where the order of the day is minimal access and rapid discharge from the hospital, and day care surgeries are rapidly replacing the convention surgical practice of prolonged hospital stay. Even very mild PONV may result in delayed hospital discharge, decreased patient satisfaction, and increased use of resources including medical and surgical care, intravenous fluids, drugs, and other supplies. PONV is the major cause of unanticipated admission to hospital following day-case surgery (Gan, 2006), and from these angles, prevention and management is of utmost importance, and for the reason given above, the nurs es must implement the management strategies that consider evidence from research. Nurses have responsibilities to prevent and relieve postoperative nausea and vomiting. ... Most of the nursing practice for management of PONV goes by traditional practice, not by evidence. Classically a majority of PONV is caused by the effects anesthetic agents on the brain and other related perioperative factors. With the advent of newer pharmacologic agents that are used to induce anesthesia, it is now important to update knowledge on the management of PONV. There is a huge body of literature of PONV management that covers pharmacological, dietary, and behavioral interventions that may culminate into an updated development of assessment and management guidelines (Eberhart et al., 2004). Moreover, it will open an opportunity to identify the gaps in knowledge, so further research can be carried out. Therefore it was decided that a literature review will be undertaken to find out evidence from published research literature in the current time to examine evidence and rationale for nursing practices in PONV, and the findings will be presented in an organized manner so these can be utilized as a guideline in the practice. Strategy of Literature Review To build a scientific basis of evidence, a comprehensive literature search was undertaken and then evaluated. For the purpose of the review of literature to support the rationale, need, and continuation of the project, the author conducted an exhaustive literature search. Electronic databases accessed for information included: CINHAL, Medline and Pubmed along with the Google Scholar internet search engine. Moreover MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CINAHL and Cochrane databases were searched to identify relevant literature on prevention and management of Postoperative nausea and vomiting. UMI Proquest Digital Dissertations, ISI Web of Science, Cambridge Scientific Abstracts,